Nokia - Wikipedia. This article is about the telecommunications company. For the mobile phone manufacturing division that was once owned by Nokia, see Microsoft Mobile. For the company that currently develops mobile phones under the "Nokia" brand name, see HMD Global. For other uses, see Nokia (disambiguation).
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Nokia Corporation[3] (Finnish: Nokia, Finnish pronunciation: [ˈnokiɑ], UK: , US: ), stylised as NOKIA, is a Finnishmultinationalcommunications, information technology and consumer electronics company, founded in 1. Nokia's headquarters are in Espoo, Uusimaa, in the greater Helsinki metropolitan area.[1] In 2.
Nokia's history dates back to 1865, when Finnish-Swede mining engineer Fredrik Idestam established a pulp mill near the town of Tampere, Finland (then in the Russian.
Nokia employed approximately 1. Nokia is a public limited company listed on the Helsinki Stock Exchange and New York Stock Exchange.[4] It is the world's 4. Fortune Global 5.
Euro Stoxx 5. 0stock market index.[5][6]The company has had various industries in its 1. It was founded as a pulp mill, but since the 1. Nokia is also a major contributor to the mobile telephony industry, having assisted in the development of the GSM, 3. G and LTE standards, and was, for a period, the largest vendor of mobile phones in the world, its dominance also extending into the smartphone industry.
After a partnership with Microsoft and market struggles, its mobile phone business was eventually bought by the former,[8][9] with Microsoft Mobile formed as the business' successor when the deal was completed on 2. April 2. 01. 4.[1. After the sale of its mobile phone business, Nokia began to focus more extensively on its telecommunications infrastructure business, marked by the divestiture of its Here Maps division and the acquisition of French- American telecommunications company Alcatel- Lucent.
Nokia also entered virtual reality and digital health (the latter by purchasing Withings).[1. The Nokia brand has since returned to the mobile and smartphone market through a licensing arrangement with HMD Global.[1. The company is viewed with national pride by Finns, as its successful mobile phone business made it by far the largest and worldwide company and brand from Finland.[1. At its peak in 2. Nokia alone accounted for 4% of the country's GDP, 2. Helsinki Stock Exchange market capital.[1. History[edit]1. 86.
Rolls of toilet paper produced by Nokia in the 1. Museum Centre Vapriikki, Tampere. Nokia's history dates back to 1. Finnish- Swedemining engineer. Fredrik Idestam established a pulp mill near the town of Tampere, Finland (then in the Russian Empire).
A second pulp mill was opened in 1. Nokia, offering better hydropower resources. In 1. 87. 1, Idestam, together with friend Leo Mechelin, formed a shared company from it and called it Nokia Ab (Nokia Company being the English equivalent), after the site of the second pulp mill. Idestam retired in 1. Mechelin the company's chairman, and soon managed his wish expanding into electricity generation by 1.
Idestam. In 1. 90. Finnish Rubber Works (Suomen Gummitehdas), a rubber business founded by Eduard Polón, established a factory near the town of Nokia and using its name. In 1. 92. 2, Nokia Ab entered into a partnership with Finnish Rubber Works and Finnish Cable Works (Suomen Kaapelitehdas), a producer of cables and electronics, all now jointly under the leadership of Polón. Finnish Rubber Works company grew rapidly when it moved to the Nokia region in the 1.
Nokia at the time also made respirators for both civilian and military use, from the 1. LV 3. 17. M military radio in Hämeenlinna artillery museum. Nokia license built PRC- 7. In 1. 96. 7, the three companies - Nokia, Finnish Cable Works and Finnish Rubber Works - merged and created the new Nokia Corporation, a new restructured form divided into four major businesses: forestry, cable, rubber and electronics. In the early 1. 97. Nokia also started making military equipment for Finland's defence forces (Puolustusvoimat), such as the Sanomalaite M/9.
M6. 1 gas mask first developed in the 1. Nokia was now also making professional mobile radios, telephone switches, capacitors and chemicals. Following Finland's trade agreement with the Soviet Union in the 1. Nokia expanded into the Soviet market.
It soon widened trade, ranging from automatic telephone exchanges to robotics amongst others, and by the late 1. Soviet Union became a major market for Nokia, helping to yield in high profits. Nokia was also co- operating on scientific- technology with the Soviets.
Following the end of the Cold Wardétente in the early 1. U. S. government became increasingly suspicious about the technologic co- operation between Nokia and its Soviet partners. However Nokia was importing many American components that were then used for the Soviets, and according to U.
S. Deputy Minister of Defence, Richard Perle, Nokia had a secret co- operation with the Pentagon that allowed the U. S. to keep track in technologic developments in the Soviet Union through trading with Nokia.[1. However this was a demonstration of Finland trading with both sides, as it was neutral during the Cold War. In 1. 97. 7, Kari Kairamo became CEO and he transformed the company's businesses.
By this time Finland were becoming what has been called "Nordic Japan". Under his leadership Nokia acquired many companies. In 1. 98. 4, Nokia acquired television maker Salora, followed by Swedish electronics and computer maker Luxor AB in 1.
French television maker Oceanic in 1. This made Nokia the third- largest television manufacturer of Europe (behind Philips and Thomson).
The existing brands continued to be used until the end of the television business in 1. Nokia Mikko 3 minicomputer, 1. In 1. 98. 7, Nokia acquired Schaub- Lorenz, the consumer operations of Germany's Standard Elektrik Lorenz (SEL), which included its "Schaub- Lorenz" and "Graetz" brands. It was originally part of American conglomerate International Telephone & Telegraph (ITT) and after the acquisition products were sold under the "ITT Nokia" brand, despite SEL's sale to Compagnie Générale d'Electricité (CGE), the predecessor of Alcatel, in 1. On 1 April 1. 98. Nokia bought the computer division of Ericsson's Information Systems,[1.
Swedish aircraft and car manufacturer Saab called Datasaab. Ericsson Information Systems made Alfaskop terminals, typewriters, minicomputers and Ericsson IBM compatible PCs. The merge with Nokia's existing Information Systems division - which already had a line of personal computers called Mikro.
Mikko since 1. 98. Nokia Data. Nokia also acquired Mobira, a mobile telephony company, which was the foundation of its future mobile phones business. In 1. 98. 1, Mobira launched the Nordic Mobile Telephone (NMT) service, the world's first international cellular network and the first to allow international roaming. In 1. 98. 2, Mobira launched the Mobira Senator car phone, Nokia's first mobile phone. At that time, the company had no interest in producing mobile phones, which the executive board regarded as akin to James Bond's gadgets - improbably futuristic and niche devices.
After all these acquisitions Nokia's revenue base became US$2. Tragically CEO Kairamo committed suicide on 1.
December 1. 98. 8. In 1. 98. 7, Kaapelitehdas (Finnish Cable Works) discontinued production of cables at its Helsinki factory, effectively shutting down the sub- company.
Mobira 8. 00- NDB non- directional beacon located in the Finnish Air Force signals museum. Nokia MAC 8. 53. 2 laser rangefinder previously used by Finnish coastal artillery. Hämeenlinna artillery museum display containing fire control officer with Nokia artillery calculator in Finnish artillery battalion command post. Late 1. 98. 0s Mikro.
Mikko 4 TT m. 21. Museum of Technology, Helsinki, Finland. ITT Nokia television with an ITT Nokia VCR (ITT/SEL)A 1. Mobira pager. 19. Jorma Ollila, who oversaw the rise of Nokia in the mobile phone market as CEO from 1. Following Simo Vuorilehto's appointment as CEO, a major restructuring was planned.
With 1. 1 groups within the company, Vuorilehto divested industrial units he deemed as un- strategic. Nokian Tyres (Nokian Renkaat), a tyre producer originally formed as a division of Finnish Rubber Works in 1.
Nokia Corporation in 1. Two years later, in 1.
Finnish Rubber Works followed suit. In 1. 99. 1 Nokia sold its computer division, Nokia Data, to UK- based International Computers Limited (ICL), the precursor of Fujitsu Siemens.
Investors thought of this as financial trouble and Nokia's stock price sunk as a result.